Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
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Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, is one of the richest gem-bearing nations on earth, producing over 75 varieties of gemstones from its alluvial gravels. The island is especially renowned for its blue sapphires, padparadscha sapphires, and alexandrites, along with fine spinels, moonstones, and zircons. Sri Lankan sapphires are treasured for their vivid medium blue color and excellent brilliance, often called 'Ceylon blue'.
History
Gem mining in Sri Lanka has been documented for over 2,500 years, with ancient traders from Arabia and China visiting the island for its precious stones. Marco Polo described Ceylon as having the finest sapphires, topazes, and amethysts in the world during his 13th-century travels.
Notable Gems
Sapphire, Ruby, Spinel, Alexandrite, Moonstone, Garnet, Tourmaline, Zircon, Topaz