Ruby

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Physical & Optical Properties

Category Precious Gems
Mohs Hardness 9.0
Specific Gravity 3.97 – 4.05
Refractive Index 1.762 – 1.778
Crystal System Trigonal
Cleavage None
Color red
Birefringence 0.008
Dispersion 0.018
Pleochroism Strong: purplish-red - orangy-red

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 9.0
1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

a a a Trigonal (Rhombohedral) a = b = c, α = β = γ ≠ 90°

Value & Market

Price Tier Investment ($5,000+/ct)

Cultural Significance

Birthstone Month 7 (modern)

About Ruby

Ruby is the red variety of corundum, colored by chromium, and is one of the four precious gemstones alongside diamond, emerald, and sapphire, with the finest examples commanding higher per-carat prices than any other gem. The most prized rubies, known as pigeon's blood red, come from Myanmar's Mogok Valley and have been mined for over 2,500 years, while fine stones also originate from Mozambique, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. In many Asian cultures, ruby symbolizes power, passion, and protection.

Science FYI Family

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Ruby?
Ruby is the red variety of corundum, colored by chromium, and is one of the four precious gemstones alongside diamond, emerald, and sapphire, with the finest examples commanding higher per-carat prices than any other gem. The most prized rubies, known as pigeon's blood red, come from Myanmar's Mogok
What is the hardness of Ruby?
Ruby has a Mohs hardness of 9.0, making it excellent for use in jewelry.
What color is Ruby?
Ruby is primarily Red.
Where is Ruby found?
Ruby is found in Jegdalek (Afghanistan), Luc Yen (Vietnam), Mogok (Myanmar), Ratnapura (Sri Lanka), Sri Lanka (Ceylon) (Sri Lanka).
How much does Ruby cost?
Ruby falls into the Investment ($5,000+/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.

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