Emerald

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Physical & Optical Properties

Category Precious Gems
Mohs Hardness 7.5 – 8.0
Specific Gravity 2.67 – 2.78
Refractive Index 1.565 – 1.602
Crystal System Hexagonal
Cleavage Indistinct
Color green
Birefringence 0.004
Dispersion 0.014
Pleochroism Strong dichroism: yellow green - blue green

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 7.5 – 8.0
1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

a a c Hexagonal a = b ≠ c, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°

Value & Market

Price Tier Investment ($5,000+/ct)

Cultural Significance

Birthstone Month 5 (modern)

About Emerald

Emerald is the vivid green variety of beryl, one of the 'Big Four' precious gemstones alongside diamond, ruby, and sapphire, and has been prized above virtually all other green stones for over 4,000 years. Colored by chromium and vanadium, fine emeralds command higher per-carat prices than D-flawless diamonds, with the most prized material coming from Colombia's Muzo, Coscuez, and Chivor mines. The characteristic inclusions and fractures within emerald—called 'jardin' (French for garden)—are accepted as fingerprints of natural origin rather than flaws.

Jewelry Use

Durability 8/10

Suitable for daily wear

Science FYI Family

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Emerald?
Emerald is the vivid green variety of beryl, one of the 'Big Four' precious gemstones alongside diamond, ruby, and sapphire, and has been prized above virtually all other green stones for over 4,000 years. Colored by chromium and vanadium, fine emeralds command higher per-carat prices than D-flawles
What is the hardness of Emerald?
Emerald has a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8.0, making it excellent for use in jewelry.
What color is Emerald?
Emerald is primarily Green.
Where is Emerald found?
Emerald is found in Jegdalek (Afghanistan), Kagem Mine (Zambia), Minas Gerais (Brazil), Muzo (Colombia).
How much does Emerald cost?
Emerald falls into the Investment ($5,000+/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.

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