Rutile

Add one script tag to your page:

<div data-gemfyi="entity" data-slug="rutile"></div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/gemfyi-embed@1/dist/embed.min.js" defer></script>

Embed as an iframe:

<iframe src="https://gemfyi.com/iframe/entity/rutile/?style=modern&theme=light" width="420" height="400" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" style="border:0;border-radius:10px;max-width:100%"></iframe>

Paste the URL in WordPress, Medium, or Ghost:

https://gemfyi.com/zh-hans/gems/rutile/

Shields.io-compatible SVG badge:

![Rutile](https://gemfyi.com/badge/entity/rutile.svg)

Web Component:

<gemfyi-entity slug="rutile"></gemfyi-entity>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/gemfyi-embed@1/dist/embed.min.js" defer></script>

Physical & Optical Properties

Category Semi-Precious Gems

Mohs Hardness 6.0 – 6.5

Specific Gravity 4.2 – 4.3

Refractive Index 2.609 – 2.903

Crystal System Tetragonal

Cleavage Distinct

Fracture Sub-Conchoidal

Color various

Birefringence 0.287

Pleochroism Strong

Mohs Hardness

Mohs hardness of Rutile shown against the ten reference minerals, from talc (1) to diamond (10).

Mohs	Reference mineral	Rutile
1	Talc
2	Gypsum
3	Calcite
4	Fluorite
5	Apatite
6	Orthoclase	●
7	Quartz
8	Topaz
9	Corundum
10	Diamond

Crystal System

Value & Market

Price Tier Moderate ($50-500/ct)

Where to Buy Rutile

Blue Nile Fine jewelry retailer

James Allen Gemstone jewelry

Brilliant Earth Ethically sourced gems

Amazon Wide selection

Links may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.

Treatments

Pale yellow, synthetic rutile may be turned an attractive blue color by heating at over 1000�C in a reducing atmosphere. Heating at 1000�C in oxygen reverses this change (Nassau, 1980) - Nassau (1984) Synthetic rutile: Colourless, yellowish, Transparent; Hardness 6 - 6.5; RI 2.616 - 2.903; Birefringence 0.287; Uniaxial/+; SG 4.26; Inclusions: occasionally gas bubbles - Gemmological Tables, Ulrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, 2004, p 31 6 to 6.5Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 4.20 to 4.30Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references DistinctUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) Sub-ConchoidalArthur Thomas, Gemstones (2009) 2.609 to 2.903Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Uniaxial/+Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 0.287Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) DoublingMore from other references StrongArthur Thomas, Gemstones (2009) Very highHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Yes, star 4Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) (Dark) yellowish brown, reddish brown, blackHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Blue (synthetic rutile), Band transition due to the presence of Ti3+W. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) Transparent,Translucent,OpaqueUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) Adamantine,MetallicMichael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) InertHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) TetragonalHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references slender prismatic striated lengthways, variably terminated and often geniculate twinned crystalsMichael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) Rutile occurs as a common high-temperature, highpressure accessory mineral in igneous rocks and granite pegmatites and in regionally metamorphosed rocks including crystalline limestones. Rutile needles are common inclusions in a number of gem minerals.Michael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) Rutile information at mindat.org Brazil  Gems, Sixth Edition, Michael O’Donoghue, 2006, p. 445 Kyrgyzstan  Myanmar  Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Russia  Sri Lanka 