Aquamarine

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Pale blue to blue-green and colored by trace ferrous iron, aquamarine is the seawater-hued variety of beryl, valued for a clarity that often approaches flawlessness. The deepest stones, known as Santa Maria quality, come from the Santa Maria de Itabira mine in Brazil's Minas Gerais, while Nigeria, Mozambique, Pakistan, and Madagascar supply further material. It crystallizes in the hexagonal system and reaches 7.5 to 8.0 on the Mohs scale, a durability that combines with its color to keep it among the most popular colored stones in fine jewelry. A moderately priced semi-precious gem, aquamarine is the traditional birthstone for March.

Physical & Optical Properties

Mohs Hardness 7,5 – 8,0
Specific Gravity 2,66 – 2,8
Refractive Index 1,57 – 1,592
Crystal System Hexagonal
Color blue
Birefringence 0,005
Dispersion 0,014
Pleochroism Dichroism: colorless to greenish bluish - blue to sky blue. Greenish-blue stones - distinct: yellowish-greenish - blue-green

Mohs Hardness

1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Orthoclase 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond Aquamarine
Mohs hardness of Aquamarine shown against the ten reference minerals, from talc (1) to diamond (10).
Mohs Reference mineral Aquamarine
1 Talc
2 Gypsum
3 Calcite
4 Fluorite
5 Apatite
6 Orthoclase
7 Quartz
8 Topaz
9 Corundum
10 Diamond

Crystal System

a a c Hexagonal a = b ≠ c, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°

Value & Market

Price Tier Moderate ($50-500/ct)

Cultural Significance

Birthstone Month 3 (modern)

Treatments

Blue topaz: trichroism (weak to none): colorless - (pinkish) - bluish; Chelsea: may appear yellowish-greenish, grayish, bluish, pinkish. Synthetic spinel and synthetic quartz: Chelsea: pinkish to red - Blue Chart Gem Identification, Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, 2010, p 6 Synthetic aquamarine can be produced but is uneconomical. - Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world, 2001, p 90 7.5 to 8Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) 2.66 to 2.80Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 1.570 to 1.592Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Uniaxial/-Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 0.005 to 0.009Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Dichroism: colorless to greenish bluish - blue to sky blue. Greenish-blue stones - distinct: yellowish-greenish - blue-greenHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) 0.014Michael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) Blue, greenish-blueUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) Greenish blueHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) Light blue, Fe2+ in the channels of the structure. Darker blue, Fe2+-O-Fe3+ intervalence charge transfer.W. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) InertHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) HexagonalHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) Long-prismatic habit, occasional vertical striations and growth and etch figures on the prism faces.E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems (2003) Aquamarine information at mindat.org Afghanistan&nbsp; Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Glas (2002) Blauwet et al. (1997) Glas (2002) Glas (2002) Brazil&nbsp; Couto (2000) Menezes (2005) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Menezes (2005) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 [var: Blue Beryl (Maxixe)] Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Viana et al. (2002) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Laurs (2004) Menezes (2005) Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 R. Wegner and O. Moura (2000) Bhaskara-Rao (2002) Canada&nbsp; Groat (2005), Wilson (2007) Groat (2005), Turner et al. (2007) China&nbsp; Liu (2005) Tang et al. (2004), Liu (2005), Li (2009) Marshall et al. (2009) Finland&nbsp; Lyckberg (2004, 2005), Wise (2005) India&nbsp; Boehm (2000), Michelou (2006) Kazakhstan&nbsp; Spiridonov (1998) Kenya&nbsp; Cairncross (2005) MadagascarE.Ya. Kievlenko ( 2003) Geology of gems, p. 112 Laurs and Quinn (2002) Pezzotta (2001), Danet |(2007) E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 112 Mozambique&nbsp; Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005) Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005) Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005) Myanmar&nbsp; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Kyi et al. (2005), Hlaing (2009) Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Kyi et al. (2005) Kyi et al. (2005) Namibia&nbsp; Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000), Glas (2002) Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000), Glas (2002), Laurs (2002) Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000) Cairncross et al (1998) Nepal&nbsp; Nigeria&nbsp; Kammerling et al. (1995) J. Micheou (2009) Lind et al. (1986) Kammerling et al. (1995) Pakistan&nbsp; Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Hammer and Muhammad (2004) Hammer (2003, 2004) Hammer (2003, 2004) Hammer and Muhammad (2004) Hammer and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Khan (1986) Russia&nbsp; P. Lyckberg (2009) P. Lyckberg (2005) Hochleitner (2005) E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 116 Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 116 P. Lyckberg (2005) Sri Lanka&nbsp; Dissanayake et al. (2000) Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 Tajikistan&nbsp; Skrigitil (1996) Ukraine&nbsp; Koivula et al. (1993), Lyckberg (2005) USA&nbsp; Mauthner (2008) Sinkankas (1997) Potucek (2005) Jarnot (2005) Sinkankas (1997) Potucek (2005) Wise (2005) Wise (2005) U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Vietnam&nbsp; Michelou (2006) Zambia&nbsp; Mambwe and Sikatali (1994) Milisenda et al. (2000), Carranza et al. (2005) Zimbabwe&nbsp; Cairncross (2005) Milisenda et al. (2000), Cairncross (2005) Milisenda et al. (2000), Cairncross (2005)

About Aquamarine

A água-marinha é uma variedade de berilo de cor azul a azul-esverdeado, cujo nome evoca a cor das águas tropicais claras. A sua tonalidade azul resulta da presença de ferro ferroso na estrutura cristalina. É considerada uma das gemas mais populares e valiosas, especialmente os exemplares de azul intenso e saturado provenientes do Brasil, que é o principal produtor mundial. As melhores águas-marinhas apresentam uma transparência cristalina e uma cor uniforme sem tratamento térmico. Associada ao elemento água e à frescura do oceano, é a pedra natal do mês de Março e símbolo de serenidade e clareza.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Aquamarine?
A água-marinha é uma variedade de berilo de cor azul a azul-esverdeado, cujo nome evoca a cor das águas tropicais claras. A sua tonalidade azul resulta da presença de ferro ferroso na estrutura cristalina. É considerada uma das gemas mais populares e valiosas, especialmente os exemplares de azul int
What is the hardness of Aquamarine?
Aquamarine has a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8.0, making it excellent for use in jewelry.
What color is Aquamarine?
Aquamarine is primarily Blue.
Where is Aquamarine found?
Aquamarine is found in Minas Gerais (Brazil).
How much does Aquamarine cost?
Aquamarine falls into the Moderate ($50-500/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.

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