Aquamarine

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Physical & Optical Properties

Mohs Hardness 7.5 – 8.0
Specific Gravity 2.66 – 2.8
Refractive Index 1.57 – 1.592
Crystal System Hexagonal
Color blue
Birefringence 0.005
Dispersion 0.014
Pleochroism Dichroism: colorless to greenish bluish - blue to sky blue. Greenish-blue stones - distinct: yellowish-greenish - blue-green

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 7.5 – 8.0
1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

a a c Hexagonal a = b ≠ c, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°

Value & Market

Price Tier Moderate ($50-500/ct)

Cultural Significance

Birthstone Month 3 (modern)

Treatments

Blue topaz: trichroism (weak to none): colorless - (pinkish) - bluish; Chelsea: may appear yellowish-greenish, grayish, bluish, pinkish. Synthetic spinel and synthetic quartz: Chelsea: pinkish to red - Blue Chart Gem Identification, Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, 2010, p 6 Synthetic aquamarine can be produced but is uneconomical. - Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world, 2001, p 90 7.5 to 8Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) 2.66 to 2.80Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 1.570 to 1.592Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Uniaxial/-Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 0.005 to 0.009Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Dichroism: colorless to greenish bluish - blue to sky blue. Greenish-blue stones - distinct: yellowish-greenish - blue-greenHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) 0.014Michael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) Blue, greenish-blueUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) Greenish blueHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) Light blue, Fe2+ in the channels of the structure. Darker blue, Fe2+-O-Fe3+ intervalence charge transfer.W. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) InertHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) HexagonalHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) Long-prismatic habit, occasional vertical striations and growth and etch figures on the prism faces.E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems (2003) Aquamarine information at mindat.org Afghanistan&nbsp; Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Glas (2002) Blauwet et al. (1997) Glas (2002) Glas (2002) Brazil&nbsp; Couto (2000) Menezes (2005) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Menezes (2005) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 [var: Blue Beryl (Maxixe)] Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Viana et al. (2002) Cassedanne and Alves (1994) Laurs (2004) Menezes (2005) Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113 R. Wegner and O. Moura (2000) Bhaskara-Rao (2002) Canada&nbsp; Groat (2005), Wilson (2007) Groat (2005), Turner et al. (2007) China&nbsp; Liu (2005) Tang et al. (2004), Liu (2005), Li (2009) Marshall et al. (2009) Finland&nbsp; Lyckberg (2004, 2005), Wise (2005) India&nbsp; Boehm (2000), Michelou (2006) Kazakhstan&nbsp; Spiridonov (1998) Kenya&nbsp; Cairncross (2005) MadagascarE.Ya. Kievlenko ( 2003) Geology of gems, p. 112 Laurs and Quinn (2002) Pezzotta (2001), Danet |(2007) E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 112 Mozambique&nbsp; Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005) Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005) Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005) Myanmar&nbsp; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Kyi et al. (2005), Hlaing (2009) Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Kyi et al. (2005) Kyi et al. (2005) Namibia&nbsp; Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000), Glas (2002) Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000), Glas (2002), Laurs (2002) Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000) Cairncross et al (1998) Nepal&nbsp; Nigeria&nbsp; Kammerling et al. (1995) J. Micheou (2009) Lind et al. (1986) Kammerling et al. (1995) Pakistan&nbsp; Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Hammer and Muhammad (2004) Hammer (2003, 2004) Hammer (2003, 2004) Hammer and Muhammad (2004) Hammer and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Blauwet and Muhammad (2004) Khan (1986) Russia&nbsp; P. Lyckberg (2009) P. Lyckberg (2005) Hochleitner (2005) E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 116 Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 116 P. Lyckberg (2005) Sri Lanka&nbsp; Dissanayake et al. (2000) Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 Tajikistan&nbsp; Skrigitil (1996) Ukraine&nbsp; Koivula et al. (1993), Lyckberg (2005) USA&nbsp; Mauthner (2008) Sinkankas (1997) Potucek (2005) Jarnot (2005) Sinkankas (1997) Potucek (2005) Wise (2005) Wise (2005) U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Vietnam&nbsp; Michelou (2006) Zambia&nbsp; Mambwe and Sikatali (1994) Milisenda et al. (2000), Carranza et al. (2005) Zimbabwe&nbsp; Cairncross (2005) Milisenda et al. (2000), Cairncross (2005) Milisenda et al. (2000), Cairncross (2005)

About Aquamarine

Aquamarine is the pale blue to blue-green gem variety of beryl, colored by trace ferrous iron, evoking the clear, serene hues of tropical ocean water. The finest deep blue stones—known as 'Santa Maria' quality—come from the Santa Maria de Itabira mine in Brazil, though exceptional material is also found in Nigeria, Mozambique, Pakistan, and Madagascar. Its clarity, attractive color, and excellent hardness have made aquamarine one of the most popular colored gemstones in fine jewelry.

Jewelry Use

Durability 8/10

Suitable for daily wear

Science FYI Family

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Aquamarine?
Aquamarine is the pale blue to blue-green gem variety of beryl, colored by trace ferrous iron, evoking the clear, serene hues of tropical ocean water. The finest deep blue stones—known as 'Santa Maria' quality—come from the Santa Maria de Itabira mine in Brazil, though exceptional material is also f
What is the hardness of Aquamarine?
Aquamarine has a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8.0, making it excellent for use in jewelry.
What color is Aquamarine?
Aquamarine is primarily Blue.
Where is Aquamarine found?
Aquamarine is found in Minas Gerais (Brazil).
How much does Aquamarine cost?
Aquamarine falls into the Moderate ($50-500/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.

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