Opal
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A hydrated amorphous silica, opal is celebrated for play-of-color, a shifting spectral display of red, green, blue, and gold produced as light diffracts through ordered arrays of microscopic silica spheres. Australia yields roughly ninety percent of the world's precious opal, including white opal from Coober Pedy, black opal from Lightning Ridge, and boulder opal from Queensland, with further sources in Ethiopia and Mexico. Lacking crystalline structure, it measures 5.0 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Revered since antiquity and the birthstone for October, opal is classed as semi-precious in the budget tier, yet fine black opal with red fire ranks among the most valuable colored stones per carat.
Physical & Optical Properties
Category
Semi-Precious Gems
Mohs Hardness
5.0 – 6.5
Specific Gravity
1.98 – 2.25
Refractive Index
1.37 – 1.52
Crystal System
Amorphous
Cleavage
None
Fracture
Conchoidal,Splintery
Color
white
Pleochroism
Absent
Mohs Hardness
Mohs Hardness: 5.0 – 6.5
1 Soft10 Hard
Crystal System
Value & Market
Price Tier
Budget (< $50/ct)
Where to Buy Opal
Blue Nile
Fine jewelry retailer
James Allen
Gemstone jewelry
Brilliant Earth
Ethically sourced gems
Amazon
Wide selection
Links may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.
Cultural Significance
Birthstone Month
10 (modern)
About Opal
오팔은 유려한 색 유희 현상(유색 효과, play-of-color)으로 유명한 함수 이산화규소 광물로, 내부 규소 구체들의 회절에 의해 무지개 전체 색상 스펙트럼이 이동하듯 보입니다. 고대 로마인들이 가장 아름다운 보석으로 여겼으며 호주가 세계 오팔의 약 95%를 공급하고, 에티오피아, 멕시코, 브라질에서도 산출됩니다. 오팔에는 귀오팔(유색 효과 있음)과 보통오팔(유색 효과 없음)이 있으며, 블랙 오팔, 화이트 오팔, 볼더 오팔, 크리스탈 오팔 등 다양한 변종이 있습니다.
Origins
Jewelry Use
Durability
4/10
Science FYI Family
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Opal?
오팔은 유려한 색 유희 현상(유색 효과, play-of-color)으로 유명한 함수 이산화규소 광물로, 내부 규소 구체들의 회절에 의해 무지개 전체 색상 스펙트럼이 이동하듯 보입니다. 고대 로마인들이 가장 아름다운 보석으로 여겼으며 호주가 세계 오팔의 약 95%를 공급하고, 에티오피아, 멕시코, 브라질에서도 산출됩니다. 오팔에는 귀오팔(유색 효과 있음)과 보통오팔(유색 효과 없음)이 있으며, 블랙 오팔, 화이트 오팔, 볼더 오팔, 크리스탈 오팔 등 다양한 변종이 있습니다.
What is the hardness of Opal?
Opal has a Mohs hardness of 5.0 to 6.5, making it moderate for use in jewelry.
What color is Opal?
Opal is primarily White.
Where is Opal found?
Opal is found in Lightning Ridge (Australia).
How much does Opal cost?
Opal falls into the Budget (< $50/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.