Opal

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Physical & Optical Properties

Mohs Hardness 5.0 – 6.5
Specific Gravity 1.98 – 2.25
Refractive Index 1.37 – 1.52
Crystal System Amorphous
Cleavage None
Fracture Conchoidal,Splintery
Color white
Pleochroism Absent

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 5.0 – 6.5
1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

Value & Market

Price Tier Budget (< $50/ct)

Cultural Significance

Birthstone Month 10 (modern)

About Opal

Opal is a hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O) celebrated for play-of-color—a spectral shifting display of red, green, blue, and gold caused by diffraction of light through ordered arrays of silica spheres within the stone. Australia produces approximately 90% of the world's precious opal, including white opal from Coober Pedy, black opal from Lightning Ridge, and boulder opal from Queensland; significant sources also include Ethiopia and Mexico. Revered since antiquity and October's birthstone, fine black opal with red fire is among the most valuable colored gemstones per carat.

Jewelry Use

Durability 4/10

Science FYI Family

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Opal?
Opal is a hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O) celebrated for play-of-color—a spectral shifting display of red, green, blue, and gold caused by diffraction of light through ordered arrays of silica spheres within the stone. Australia produces approximately 90% of the world's precious opal, includin
What is the hardness of Opal?
Opal has a Mohs hardness of 5.0 to 6.5, making it moderate for use in jewelry.
What color is Opal?
Opal is primarily White.
Where is Opal found?
Opal is found in Lightning Ridge (Australia).
How much does Opal cost?
Opal falls into the Budget (< $50/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.

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