Jasper

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An opaque, fine-grained variety of chalcedony, jasper occurs in a vast array of colors and patterns, from red, yellow, brown, and green to multicolored landscape or picture designs, produced by iron oxides and other mineral impurities. It forms in sedimentary and volcanic settings worldwide and has served for seals, amulets, jewelry, and carvings since the Stone Age, from Mesopotamia to Egypt to pre-Columbian America. Belonging to the trigonal quartz group, it measures 6.5 to 7.0 on the Mohs scale, and dozens of named varieties are collected and fashioned today. A moderately priced semi-precious stone, jasper is a traditional birthstone for March.

Physical & Optical Properties

Category Semi-Precious Gems

Mohs Hardness 6.5 – 7.0

Specific Gravity 2.58 – 2.91

Refractive Index 1.54

Crystal System Trigonal

Cleavage None

Fracture Conchoidal,Splintery

Color various

Pleochroism Absent

Mohs Hardness

Mohs hardness of Jasper shown against the ten reference minerals, from talc (1) to diamond (10).

Mohs	Reference mineral	Jasper
1	Talc
2	Gypsum
3	Calcite
4	Fluorite
5	Apatite
6	Orthoclase
7	Quartz	●
8	Topaz
9	Corundum
10	Diamond

Crystal System

Value & Market

Price Tier Moderate ($50-500/ct)

Where to Buy Jasper

Blue Nile Fine jewelry retailer

James Allen Gemstone jewelry

Brilliant Earth Ethically sourced gems

Amazon Wide selection

Links may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.

Cultural Significance

Birthstone Month 3 (alternative)

Treatments

Dyed blue to imitate lapis, "Swiss lapis": lack of pyrite inclusion, chelsea - greenish-blue to red - Blue Chart Gem Identification, Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, 2010, p 7 6.5 to 7Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) 2.58 to 2.91Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) Conchoidal,SplinteryWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) 1.540 (+/-)Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Uniaxial/+Ulrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references AbsentWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) All colors, mostly striped or spotted.Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references Orange to red, submicroscopic to microscopic inclusions of hydrous Fe oxidesW. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) OpaqueHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) TrigonalUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) Microcrystalline aggregateWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) Occurs as extensive beds of sedimentary or metamorphic origin. Jasper occurs as a cavity filling or as nodules or veins in iron ores. It occurs in altered igneous rocks and in detrital deposits. It may occur in variegated red to brown colours as a petrifying agent of wood.Michael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) Jasper information at mindat.org Czech Republic  No reference listed Madagascar  mindat.org Morocco  mindat.org Netherlands  mindat.org Peru  Portugal  mindat.org Russia  Занимательная минералогия, Ферсман А., 1953, стр. 50 USA  Symons, Henry Heilbronner (1940), Quartz gem stones of California: Rocks & Minerals: 15: 41; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 317. [var: Orbicular Jasper] Melhase, John (1934), A diversity of many fine minerals available in California for collectors: Oregon Mineralogist: 2(7): 7; Mineralogist, The (1935): 3(3): 34; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 318; www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/jasper.htm U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.