Aquamarine
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Pale blue to blue-green and colored by trace ferrous iron, aquamarine is the seawater-hued variety of beryl, valued for a clarity that often approaches flawlessness. The deepest stones, known as Santa Maria quality, come from the Santa Maria de Itabira mine in Brazil's Minas Gerais, while Nigeria, Mozambique, Pakistan, and Madagascar supply further material. It crystallizes in the hexagonal system and reaches 7.5 to 8.0 on the Mohs scale, a durability that combines with its color to keep it among the most popular colored stones in fine jewelry. A moderately priced semi-precious gem, aquamarine is the traditional birthstone for March.
Physical & Optical Properties
Category
Semi-Precious Gems
Mohs Hardness
7.5 – 8.0
Specific Gravity
2.66 – 2.8
Refractive Index
1.57 – 1.592
Crystal System
Hexagonal
Color
blue
Birefringence
0.005
Dispersion
0.014
Pleochroism
Dichroism: colorless to greenish bluish - blue to sky blue. Greenish-blue stones - distinct: yellowish-greenish - blue-green
Mohs Hardness
| Mohs | Reference mineral | Aquamarine |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Talc | |
| 2 | Gypsum | |
| 3 | Calcite | |
| 4 | Fluorite | |
| 5 | Apatite | |
| 6 | Orthoclase | |
| 7 | Quartz | |
| 8 | Topaz | ● |
| 9 | Corundum | |
| 10 | Diamond |
Crystal System
Value & Market
Price Tier
Moderate ($50-500/ct)
Where to Buy Aquamarine
Blue Nile
Fine jewelry retailer
James Allen
Gemstone jewelry
Brilliant Earth
Ethically sourced gems
Amazon
Wide selection
Links may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.
Cultural Significance
Birthstone Month
3 (modern)
Treatments
Blue topaz: trichroism (weak to none): colorless - (pinkish) - bluish; Chelsea: may appear yellowish-greenish, grayish, bluish, pinkish. Synthetic spinel and synthetic quartz: Chelsea: pinkish to red - Blue Chart Gem Identification, Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, 2010, p 6
Synthetic aquamarine can be produced but is uneconomical. - Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world, 2001, p 90
7.5 to 8Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010)
2.66 to 2.80Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references
1.570 to 1.592Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references
Uniaxial/-Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references
0.005 to 0.009Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references
Dichroism: colorless to greenish bluish - blue to sky blue. Greenish-blue stones - distinct: yellowish-greenish - blue-greenHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010)
0.014Michael O?Donoghue, Gems, Sixth Edition (2006)
Blue, greenish-blueUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004)
Greenish blueHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010)
Light blue, Fe2+ in the channels of the structure. Darker blue, Fe2+-O-Fe3+ intervalence charge transfer.W. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011)
InertHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010)
HexagonalHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010)
Long-prismatic habit, occasional vertical striations and growth and etch figures on the prism faces.E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems (2003)
Aquamarine information at mindat.org
Afghanistan
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Glas (2002)
Blauwet et al. (1997)
Glas (2002)
Glas (2002)
Brazil
Couto (2000)
Menezes (2005)
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
Menezes (2005)
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113
Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113
[var: Blue Beryl (Maxixe)] Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
Viana et al. (2002)
Cassedanne and Alves (1994)
Laurs (2004)
Menezes (2005)
Kievlenko E.Ya., Geology of gems, 2003, p. 113
R. Wegner and O. Moura (2000)
Bhaskara-Rao (2002)
Canada
Groat (2005), Wilson (2007)
Groat (2005), Turner et al. (2007)
China
Liu (2005)
Tang et al. (2004), Liu (2005), Li (2009)
Marshall et al. (2009)
Finland
Lyckberg (2004, 2005), Wise (2005)
India
Boehm (2000), Michelou (2006)
Kazakhstan
Spiridonov (1998)
Kenya
Cairncross (2005)
MadagascarE.Ya. Kievlenko ( 2003) Geology of gems, p. 112
Laurs and Quinn (2002)
Pezzotta (2001), Danet |(2007)
E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 112
Mozambique
Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005)
Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005)
Schafer and Arlt (2000), Schappmann (2005), Cairncross (2005)
Myanmar
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Kyi et al. (2005), Hlaing (2009)
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Kyi et al. (2005)
Kyi et al. (2005)
Namibia
Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000), Glas (2002)
Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000), Glas (2002), Laurs (2002)
Jahn (2000), Jahn and Bahmann (2000)
Cairncross et al (1998)
Nepal
Nigeria
Kammerling et al. (1995)
J. Micheou (2009)
Lind et al. (1986)
Kammerling et al. (1995)
Pakistan
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Hammer and Muhammad (2004)
Hammer (2003, 2004)
Hammer (2003, 2004)
Hammer and Muhammad (2004)
Hammer and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Blauwet and Muhammad (2004)
Khan (1986)
Russia
P. Lyckberg (2009)
P. Lyckberg (2005)
Hochleitner (2005)
E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 116
Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 116
P. Lyckberg (2005)
Sri Lanka
Dissanayake et al. (2000)
Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738
Tajikistan
Skrigitil (1996)
Ukraine
Koivula et al. (1993), Lyckberg (2005)
USA
Mauthner (2008)
Sinkankas (1997)
Potucek (2005)
Jarnot (2005)
Sinkankas (1997)
Potucek (2005)
Wise (2005)
Wise (2005)
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Vietnam
Michelou (2006)
Zambia
Mambwe and Sikatali (1994)
Milisenda et al. (2000), Carranza et al. (2005)
Zimbabwe
Cairncross (2005)
Milisenda et al. (2000), Cairncross (2005)
Milisenda et al. (2000), Cairncross (2005)
About Aquamarine
アクアマリンは、第一鉄イオンによって着色された淡い青色から青緑色のベリル宝石変種で、澄んだ海の水面を思わせる色調が特徴です。ブラジルのミナスジェライス州が世界最大の産地として知られ、パキスタンやナイジェリアでも良質の石が産出します。三月の誕生石として広く愛される人気の有色宝石です。
Science FYI Family
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Aquamarine?
アクアマリンは、第一鉄イオンによって着色された淡い青色から青緑色のベリル宝石変種で、澄んだ海の水面を思わせる色調が特徴です。ブラジルのミナスジェライス州が世界最大の産地として知られ、パキスタンやナイジェリアでも良質の石が産出します。三月の誕生石として広く愛される人気の有色宝石です。
What is the hardness of Aquamarine?
Aquamarine has a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8.0, making it excellent for use in jewelry.
What color is Aquamarine?
Aquamarine is primarily Blue.
Where is Aquamarine found?
Aquamarine is found in Minas Gerais (Brazil).
How much does Aquamarine cost?
Aquamarine falls into the Moderate ($50-500/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.