Jade
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Valued across East Asian, Mesoamerican, and Maori cultures for thousands of years, jade is both a cultural and a gemological term covering two distinct minerals, jadeite, a pyroxene, and nephrite, an amphibole. Both are treasured for toughness, beauty, and spiritual meaning: jadeite yields the vivid imperial green and lavender hues prized in Chinese and Burmese tradition, while nephrite ranges from creamy mutton-fat white to deep spinach green, long important to Chinese and New Zealand Maori carvers. Crystallizing in the monoclinic system, jade measures 6.0 to 7.0 on the Mohs scale, and its exceptional toughness suits intricate carving. Semi-precious and moderately priced as a broad category, its finest imperial jadeite can command prices rivaling fine diamonds.
Physical & Optical Properties
Category
Semi-Precious Gems
Mohs Hardness
6.0 – 7.0
Specific Gravity
2.9 – 3.38
Refractive Index
1.6 – 1.688
Crystal System
Monoclinic
Cleavage
None
Fracture
Splintery
Color
green
Birefringence
0.02
Pleochroism
Absent
Mohs Hardness
| Mohs | Reference mineral | Jade |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Talc | |
| 2 | Gypsum | |
| 3 | Calcite | |
| 4 | Fluorite | |
| 5 | Apatite | |
| 6 | Orthoclase | ● |
| 7 | Quartz | ● |
| 8 | Topaz | |
| 9 | Corundum | |
| 10 | Diamond |
Crystal System
Value & Market
Price Tier
Moderate ($50-500/ct)
Where to Buy Jade
Blue Nile
Fine jewelry retailer
James Allen
Gemstone jewelry
Brilliant Earth
Ethically sourced gems
Amazon
Wide selection
Links may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.
About Jade
玉石是两种不同矿物的统称：硬玉（翡翠，辉石族）和软玉（闪玉，角闪石族），二者在文化上均被尊为珍贵的宝石材料。翡翠以其翠绿色、半透明至透明的质地著称，主要产于缅甸，在中国文化中具有极高的地位；软玉则以青玉、白玉（羊脂玉）为代表，颜色从白色到深绿色不等，以中国新疆和田、加拿大和新西兰等地产量最为著名。玉石象征吉祥、长寿与美德，是东亚文化的重要象征。
On this page
Jewelry Use
Durability
5/10
Science FYI Family
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Jade?
玉石是两种不同矿物的统称：硬玉（翡翠，辉石族）和软玉（闪玉，角闪石族），二者在文化上均被尊为珍贵的宝石材料。翡翠以其翠绿色、半透明至透明的质地著称，主要产于缅甸，在中国文化中具有极高的地位；软玉则以青玉、白玉（羊脂玉）为代表，颜色从白色到深绿色不等，以中国新疆和田、加拿大和新西兰等地产量最为著名。玉石象征吉祥、长寿与美德，是东亚文化的重要象征。
What is the hardness of Jade?
Jade has a Mohs hardness of 6.0 to 7.0, making it moderate for use in jewelry.
What color is Jade?
Jade is primarily Green.
How much does Jade cost?
Jade falls into the Moderate ($50-500/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.
What is the crystal system of Jade?
Jade belongs to the Monoclinic crystal system.