Birefringence
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Definition
The difference between a gemstone's highest and lowest refractive indices, observed in anisotropic (non-cubic) crystals where light is split into two rays traveling at different speeds.
Detailed Explanation
A diferença entre os índices de refração mais alto e mais baixo de uma gema, observada em cristais anisotrópicos (não cúbicos) onde a luz se divide em dois raios que viajam a velocidades diferentes.