Titanite (Sphene)

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Titanite, also known as sphene, is a calcium titanium silicate celebrated among gemologists for a dispersion roughly three times that of diamond, which produces spectacular fire in faceted stones of green, yellow, orange, and brown. Fine transparent yellow-green and orange material from Mexico, Brazil, Pakistan, and the Alps yields gems of exceptional brilliance, though the mineral's softness limits its use in everyday jewelry. The name derives from the Greek for wedge, a reference to the characteristic wedge shape of its crystals. With a Mohs hardness of only 5 to 5.5, sphene is best reserved for pendants, earrings, and collectors' pieces rather than rings.

Physical & Optical Properties

Mohs Hardness 5.0 – 5.5
Specific Gravity 3.52 – 3.54
Refractive Index 1.843 – 2.11
Crystal System Monoclinic
Luster Adamantine
Cleavage Good
Fracture Conchoidal
Color various
Birefringence 0.1
Dispersion 0.051
Pleochroism Green stones - strong trichroism: typically colorless - greenish yellow - brownish to yellow;

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 5.0 – 5.5
1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

β a b c Monoclinic a ≠ b ≠ c, α = γ = 90°, β ≠ 90°

Value & Market

Price Tier Budget (< $50/ct)

Treatments

It can be changed to red or orange through heating. - Gemstones of the world, Walter Schumann, 2001, p 194 5 to 5.5Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references 3.52 to 3.54Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references BrittleWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) GoodWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references ConchoidalWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) 1.843 to 2.110Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references Biaxial/+Herve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references 0.100 to 0.192Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references 0.051Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references Yellow, yellowish-green, green, brownish-green, brownUlrich Henn and Claudio C. Milisenda, Gemmological Tables (2004) More from other references Green, high Fe content. Green (chrome sphene), Cr3+ in octahedral coordination. Pink, Mn2+ in octahedral, for certain Mn/Fe ratios, as well as pink carbonate inclusionsW. William Hanneman, Pragmatic Spectroscopy For Gemologists (2011) Transparent,Translucent,OpaqueWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references AdamantineArthur Thomas, Gemstones (2009) More from other references NoneWalter Schumann, Gemstones of the world (2001) More from other references MonoclinicHerve Nicolas Lazzarelli, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references Wedge-shaped prismsArthur Thomas, Gemstones (2009) More from other references A common accessory mineral in intermediate and felsic plutonic rocks, pegmatites, and alpine veins. In gneisses, schists, and some skarns; rarely detrital.Anthony et al, Handbook of mineralogy (2001) Titanite - Locality: AfghanistanTitanite - Locality: UnknownTitanite - Locality: MadagascarTitanite - Locality: Russia Straight rows and/or "feathers" of tiny crystals. Actinolite needles Titanite information at mindat.org Afghanistan&nbsp; Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191. Australia&nbsp; McColl and Petersen (1990) Brazil&nbsp; Canada&nbsp; Robinson and Wight (1997) Kenya&nbsp; Collection of NHM, Vienna Myanmar&nbsp; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok Russia&nbsp; Hyrsl and Milisenda (1995) Sri Lanka&nbsp; Milisenda and Henn (1999) Switzerland&nbsp;

About Titanite (Sphene)

티타나이트(스핀)는 칼슘 티타늄 규산염 광물로, 다이아몬드보다 3배 높은 분산력이 황색·녹색·갈색·주황색의 원석에서 놀라운 화광을 연출합니다. 강한 다색성으로 각도에 따라 색상이 뚜렷하게 변하는 것도 특징입니다. 오스트리아·파키스탄·브라질·멕시코·캐나다가 주요 산지이며, 수집가들 사이에서 독보적인 광학 특성으로 높은 평가를 받습니다.

Jewelry Use

Durability 4/10

Science FYI Family

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Titanite (Sphene)?
티타나이트(스핀)는 칼슘 티타늄 규산염 광물로, 다이아몬드보다 3배 높은 분산력이 황색·녹색·갈색·주황색의 원석에서 놀라운 화광을 연출합니다. 강한 다색성으로 각도에 따라 색상이 뚜렷하게 변하는 것도 특징입니다. 오스트리아·파키스탄·브라질·멕시코·캐나다가 주요 산지이며, 수집가들 사이에서 독보적인 광학 특성으로 높은 평가를 받습니다.
What is the hardness of Titanite (Sphene)?
Titanite (Sphene) has a Mohs hardness of 5.0 to 5.5, making it moderate for use in jewelry.
What color is Titanite (Sphene)?
Titanite (Sphene) is primarily Various.
How much does Titanite (Sphene) cost?
Titanite (Sphene) falls into the Budget (< $50/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.
What is the crystal system of Titanite (Sphene)?
Titanite (Sphene) belongs to the Monoclinic crystal system.

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