Obsidian
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A naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when silica-rich rhyolitic lava cools too quickly to crystallize, obsidian is typically opaque black but also occurs in mahogany brown, iridescent rainbow, translucent gray Apache tears, and spotted snowflake forms. It has been worked since the Paleolithic into extremely sharp blades, tools, and mirrors, and was traded widely across Mesoamerica, the Mediterranean, and the Pacific. Amorphous and without crystal structure, it measures 5.0 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale. Today this budget-tier semi-precious material is cut into cabochons, carvings, and spheres valued for their variety of patterns.
Physical & Optical Properties
Category
Semi-Precious Gems
Mohs Hardness
5.0 – 5.5
Specific Gravity
2.35 – 2.6
Refractive Index
1.45 – 1.55
Crystal System
Amorphous
Luster
Vitreous
Cleavage
None
Fracture
Conchoidal
Color
black
Dispersion
0.01
Pleochroism
Absent
Mohs Hardness
Mohs Hardness: 5.0 – 5.5
1 Soft10 Hard
Crystal System
Value & Market
Price Tier
Budget (< $50/ct)
Where to Buy Obsidian
Blue Nile
Fine jewelry retailer
James Allen
Gemstone jewelry
Brilliant Earth
Ethically sourced gems
Amazon
Wide selection
Links may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.
About Obsidian
흑요석은 규산 용암이 급속히 냉각되면서 결정화가 이루어지지 않아 형성된 천연 화산 유리로, 종종 깨질 때 조개껍질 모양의 매끈하고 날카로운 패각상 단면을 이룹니다. 선사 시대 인류는 자연 상태의 흑요석 조각만으로도 의료 수술용 메스보다 더 예리한 날을 만들 수 있었으며, 도구 제작과 교역의 핵심 소재로 석기 시대 전반에 걸쳐 전 세계적으로 광범위하게 사용했습니다. 현재도 카보숑, 조각품, 화살촉, 장신구로 인기 있으며 멕시코, 미국, 아르헨티나, 일본 등지에서 산출됩니다.
Compare With
Jewelry Use
Durability
4/10
Science FYI Family
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Obsidian?
흑요석은 규산 용암이 급속히 냉각되면서 결정화가 이루어지지 않아 형성된 천연 화산 유리로, 종종 깨질 때 조개껍질 모양의 매끈하고 날카로운 패각상 단면을 이룹니다. 선사 시대 인류는 자연 상태의 흑요석 조각만으로도 의료 수술용 메스보다 더 예리한 날을 만들 수 있었으며, 도구 제작과 교역의 핵심 소재로 석기 시대 전반에 걸쳐 전 세계적으로 광범위하게 사용했습니다. 현재도 카보숑, 조각품, 화살촉, 장신구로 인기 있으며 멕시코, 미국, 아르헨티나, 일본 등지에서 산출됩니다.
What is the hardness of Obsidian?
Obsidian has a Mohs hardness of 5.0 to 5.5, making it moderate for use in jewelry.
What color is Obsidian?
Obsidian is primarily Black.
How much does Obsidian cost?
Obsidian falls into the Budget (< $50/ct) price range. Prices vary based on color, clarity, cut, and origin.
What is the crystal system of Obsidian?
Obsidian belongs to the Amorphous crystal system.