Dispersion
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Definition
The separation of white light into its spectral colors as it passes through a gemstone, producing the rainbow-like 'fire' visible in faceted stones.
Detailed Explanation
Dispersion is measured as the difference in refractive index between red (686 nm) and violet (430 nm) wavelengths. Diamond has a dispersion of 0.044, which contributes to its famous fire. Demantoid garnet (0.057) and sphene (0.051) exceed diamond in dispersion, while synthetic moissanite (0.104) displays even more fire. Cut quality significantly influences how much dispersion is visible to the eye.