Jade

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Valued across East Asian, Mesoamerican, and Maori cultures for thousands of years, jade is both a cultural and a gemological term covering two distinct minerals, jadeite, a pyroxene, and nephrite, an amphibole. Both are treasured for toughness, beauty, and spiritual meaning: jadeite yields the vivid imperial green and lavender hues prized in Chinese and Burmese tradition, while nephrite ranges from creamy mutton-fat white to deep spinach green, long important to Chinese and New Zealand Maori carvers. Crystallizing in the monoclinic system, jade measures 6.0 to 7.0 on the Mohs scale, and its exceptional toughness suits intricate carving. Semi-precious and moderately priced as a broad category, its finest imperial jadeite can command prices rivaling fine diamonds.

Physical & Optical Properties

Category Semi-Precious Gems

Mohs Hardness 6.0 – 7.0

Specific Gravity 2.9 – 3.38

Refractive Index 1.6 – 1.688

Crystal System Monoclinic

Cleavage None

Fracture Splintery

Color green

Birefringence 0.02

Pleochroism Absent

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 6.0 – 7.0

1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

Value & Market

Price Tier Moderate ($50-500/ct)

Where to Buy Jade

Blue Nile Fine jewelry retailer

James Allen Gemstone jewelry

Brilliant Earth Ethically sourced gems

Amazon Wide selection

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About Jade

Jade is a cultural and gemological term encompassing two distinct minerals—jadeite (pyroxene) and nephrite (amphibole)—both valued across East Asian, Mesoamerican, and Maori cultures for thousands of years for their toughness, beauty, and spiritual significance. Jadeite offers the vivid imperial green and lavender hues prized in Chinese and Burmese tradition, while nephrite ranges from creamy white "mutton fat" jade to deep spinach green, historically important to Chinese and New Zealand Maori. Jade remains one of the world's most culturally significant gemstones, with the finest imperial jadeite commanding prices rivaling fine diamonds.