December Birthstone — Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon
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December is blessed with three birthstones spanning ancient and modern: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. Tanzanite, found in only one location on Earth, displays a velvety violet-blue unique among gemstones. Turquoise, one of the oldest gems in human use, offers sky blue to green-blue colors. Zircon (not to be confused with synthetic cubic zirconia) is a natural gem with diamond-like brilliance and high dispersion.
Traditional Birthstone
Turquoise is the traditional December birthstone, used in jewelry and adornment for at least 7,000 years. Ancient Egyptians mined turquoise in the Sinai Peninsula as early as 5000 BCE. The pharaoh's death mask of Tutankhamun is inlaid with turquoise, lapis lazuli, and carnelian. Zircon, also a traditional December stone, was used in medieval jewelry and believed to aid sleep and bring prosperity.
Modern Birthstone
The modern December birthstone list includes tanzanite (added in 2002), turquoise, and zircon. Tanzanite was discovered in 1967 near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and named by Tiffany & Co. It is mined in a single deposit area of about 8 square miles, making it roughly 1,000 times rarer than diamond. Blue zircon, mined primarily in Cambodia and Sri Lanka, is the most popular zircon variety for December birthstone jewelry.
Symbolism & Meaning
Turquoise symbolizes protection, wisdom, and good fortune across nearly every culture that has encountered it. Native American peoples consider turquoise sacred, representing the connection between sky and water. Tanzanite symbolizes transformation and spiritual awareness, reflecting its trichroic nature (appearing blue, violet, or red depending on crystal orientation). Zircon represents honor and wisdom.
Historical Significance
Turquoise gets its name from the French 'pierre turquoise' (Turkish stone) because it reached Europe via Turkish trade routes. Persian turquoise from Nishapur was considered the finest for centuries. The Aztecs inlaid turquoise in ceremonial masks and shields. Tanzanite's discovery by Masai cattle herder Ali Juuyawatu is one of modern gemology's most remarkable stories. Zircon crystals from Western Australia have been dated at 4.4 billion years, making them the oldest known minerals on Earth.
December Birthstone Gems
Gift Guide
December birthstone gifts offer three distinct personalities. Tanzanite rings and pendants provide luxury and rarity, perfect for milestone occasions. Turquoise jewelry suits those who love Southwestern or bohemian style, and its affordability allows for bold statement pieces. Blue zircon offers diamond-like sparkle in a vivid blue, ideal for those who love brilliant-cut stones. Turquoise is the traditional 11th anniversary gem.
Care & Handling
Tanzanite (Mohs 6 to 7) is moderately soft and sensitive to thermal shock; remove tanzanite rings before physical work and avoid ultrasonic cleaners. Turquoise (Mohs 5 to 6) is porous and can absorb oils, perfumes, and sunscreen, which may alter its color. Store turquoise away from chemicals. Zircon (Mohs 6 to 7.5) is brittle despite its hardness; facet edges can chip easily. Handle all three December stones with care and clean with warm soapy water only.