Origin Report
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Definition
A certificate issued by a gemological laboratory stating the probable geographic origin of a gemstone based on gemological testing and comparison with reference databases.
Detailed Explanation
Geographic origin significantly affects the market value of premium gemstones. 'Burma' (Myanmar) ruby, 'Kashmir' sapphire, and 'Colombian' emerald command premiums of 20–50% or more over stones of equal quality from other localities, reflecting their historical prestige and often superior color saturation. Origin determination uses a combination of spectroscopy, trace element analysis (via laser ablation ICP-MS), inclusion microscopy, and statistical models based on reference samples from known localities. Leading labs issuing origin reports include GIA, Gübelin Gem Lab, SSEF, Lotus Gemology, and AGL. Origin determination is probabilistic, not absolute.